1971

First human use pressure measurement catheter at Texas Children’s Hospital in Pediatric Cardiology

1972

Five French implantable catheter transducer for telemetry from small animals

Combination Carolina Velocity Probe with Millar pressure transducer for use in animals

High speed angiographic catheter combined with Millar pressure transducer for injecting contrast dye into the ventricle for simultaneous pressure volume loops

Eight French catheters with two pressure transducers plus sampling lumen

Four electrode impedance catheter

1973

Catheter with three pressure sensors for simultaneous measurement of pressure in the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery

Pressure with fiber-optics for simultaneous measurement of high-fidelity pressure and instantaneous oxygen saturation in the blood

1974

Two pressures with two Doppler crystals for simultaneous measurement of pressure and velocity in the ventricle and in the aorta (20 mHz, high fidelity)

1975

Conductance catheter with four internal electrodes equally spaced at the tip within the lumen

Three pressures with Millar velocity transducer spaced for measurement of pressure in the right atrium, right ventricle, and simultaneous pressure and velocity in the pulmonary artery

Pressure with platinum hot film velocity sensor for simultaneous pressure and velocity

1976

Three pressure with pressure and velocity transducer at the same location in a right heart catheter

Two pressures with two circular twenty megahertz Doppler crystals for simultaneous measurements of pressure and velocity in the left ventricle and in the aorta

Pressure with high speed injection lumen and an end opening for inserting the catheter over a wire guide

1977

Two pressures with two lumens, with openings located at the pressure sensors, for correlating directly measured high fidelity pressures in the left ventricle and aorta with fluid filled lumen measurements made with external transducers

16-gauge needle probe for measuring endocardial and epicardial pressures in the ventricular wall of dogs

1982

Size 7.5 F pressure mounted at the top of a right heart balloon flotation catheter

1983

First Millar transducers converted to standardized 5µv/m/mmHg output, 1,000 ohms input impedance, 1,000 ohms output impedance

First disposable single pressure catheter for up to three-day implant in human left atrium for post surgical pressure monitoring

1985

First 20 MHz Donut Doppler crystal mounted on a 3F catheter for introduction over a 0.014” wire guide and for measuring blood flow velocity in the coronary arteries

First PTCA catheter with an annular donut shaped 20MHz crystal at the tip for introduction over a 0.014” wire guide

1986

Pressure plus eight electrodes evenly spaced for measurement of ventricular volumes by the impedance method simultaneously with high fidelity pressures

1987

First totally non-magnetic pressure transducer, 5F catheter, for measuring pressures in the heart with patients in the NMR magnetic field

1988

Size 5F, pressure with fiber-optics with connection to Oximetrix oximeter

1989

Developed the 2F sensor for installation in a series of smaller pressure catheters

Schneider monorail Doppler M-699

1990

First disposable intracranial pressure transducers for Codman

1992

Double tip pressure and lumen for 0.14" guidewire for measuring pressure gradients in the coronary arteries

Rentrop catheter with two pressures plus Doppler for measuring pressure gradients and velocity in the coronary arteries

1995

First bile duct catheter in a 5F catheter

1996

First omni-directional or circumferential pressure sensor for GI studies in a 6F catheter

U.S. Patent No. 5,503,156 “Noninvasive Pulse Transducer for Simultaneously Measuring Pulse Pressure and Velocity”

First electrode catheter with a pacing electrode on the pigtail tip in a 6F catheter

1998

First 8F eight-sensor vector pressure measurement catheter for gastroenterology studies with 8 pressure sensors at one location in 45° increments

Urology catheter with two pressures and lumen and four electrodes for leak detection

2001

4-electrode surface probe

2002

Rat balloon catheter

2005

1F pressure transducer - "World's Smallest Sensor Tip Pressure Catheter"